As part of the campaign, our university hosted a lecture dedicated to lung cancer prevention, delivered by MD Tomasz Prystupa – a specialist from the Mazovian Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Otwock and the National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in Warsaw, as well as a lecturer in the Physiotherapy program at our Academy. After the lecture, we had the opportunity to speak with MD Prystupa to discuss details about the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lung cancer.
Why is early detection of lung cancer so crucial for effective treatment?
The chance of curing lung cancer lies with individuals whose cancer is localized. This means that the tumor is small, does not invade other parts of the lung tissue, the pleura, or major blood vessels, and has not metastasized to the lymph nodes in the mediastinum or other distant organs. In such cases, a radical thoracic surgical procedure, which involves removing the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue, offers a significant chance of complete cure without recurrence. Oncological treatment in more advanced stages of the disease, at best, can slow its progression for a certain period.
What treatment methods are used in the earliest stages of the disease?
Despite significant advances in oncological treatment, the only chance for a complete cure of lung cancer is the radical surgical resection of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue. This is possible when the cancer is confined to a small area of lung tissue and is in its early stage of advancement.
What are the main risk factors for lung cancer, and can they occur in non-smokers?
Smoking – both active and passive – is responsible for 90% of lung cancer cases. It is estimated that active smoking causes approximately 90% of cases in men and about 80% in women. However, other risk factors exist, including exposure to smog, industrial chemicals, asbestos, radon, heavy metals, and vinyl chloride.
How often should individuals at risk undergo screening tests? Is one test enough, or are regular check-ups recommended?
Individuals at risk are advised to undergo screening tests at least once a year. If concerning nodular changes in the lungs are detected, follow-ups may be necessary every 3–6 months. Monitoring the progression of the size and shape of lung nodules is crucial.
Are there preventive measures other than quitting smoking that can reduce the risk of lung cancer?
Yes, other preventive measures exist. These include leading an active lifestyle, maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding excessive air pollution, and undergoing regular imaging tests such as chest X-rays every two years – or annually for smokers. However, the most critical step is to quit smoking entirely. Even after years of addiction, this step significantly reduces the risk of developing lung cancer.
Interview by: Edyta Pać